Disruption of RFX family transcription factors causes autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, and dysregulated behavior

Harris HK#, Nakayama T#, Lai J#, Zhao B, Argyrou N, Gubbels CS, Soucy A, Genetti CA, Suslovitch V, Rodan LH, Tiller GE, Lesca G, Gripp KW, Asadollahi R, Hamosh A, Applegate CD, Turnpenny PD, Simon MEH, Volker-Touw CML, Gassen KLIV, Binsbergen EV, Pfundt R, Gardeitchik T, Vries BBA, Immken LL, Buchanan C, Willing M, Toler TL, Fassi E, Baker L, Vansenne F, Wang X, Ambrus JL Jr, Fannemel M, Posey JE, Agolini E, Novelli A, Rauch A, Boonsawat P, Fagerberg CR, Larsen MJ, Kibaek M, Labalme A, Poisson A, Payne KK, Walsh LE, Aldinger KA, Balciuniene J, Skraban C, Gray C, Murrell J, Bupp CP, Pascolini G, Grammatico P, Broly M, Küry S, Nizon M, Rasool IG, Zahoor MY, Kraus C, Reis A, Iqbal M, Uguen K, Audebert-Bellanger S, Ferec C, Redon S, Baker J, Wu Y, Zampino G, Syrbe S, Brosse I, Jamra RA, Dobyns WB, Cohen LL, Blomhoff A, Mignot C, Keren B, Courtin T, Agrawal PB, Beggs AH, Yu TW. Disruption of RFX family transcription factors causes autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, and dysregulated behavior. Genet Med. 2021

PMID: 33658631


Recessive gene disruptions in autism spectrum disorder.

Doan RN, Lim ET, De Rubeis S, Betancur C, Cutler DJ, Chiocchetti AG, Overman LM, Soucy A, Goetze S; Autism Sequencing Consortium, Freitag CM, Daly MJ, Walsh CA, Buxbaum JD, Yu TW. Recessive gene disruptions in autism spectrum disorder. Nature Genetics. 2019

PMID: 31209396

News Articles:
Genomeweb: Autism Exomes Support Recessive Gene Contributors, Female Protective Effect
EurekAlert!: Rare recessive mutations pry open new windows on autism.


Biallelic mutations in human DCC cause developmental split-brain syndrome.

Jamuar SS, Schmitz-Abe K, D'Gama AM, Drottar M, Chan WM, Peeva M, Servattalab S, Lam AN, Delgado MR, Clegg NJ, Zayed ZA, Dogar MA, Alorainy IA, Jamea AA,Abu-Amero K, Griebel M, Ward W, Lein ES, Markianos K, Barkovich AJ, Robson CD, Grant PE, Bosley TM, Engle EC, Walsh CA, Yu TW. Biallelic mutations in human DCC cause developmental split-brain syndrome. Nature Genetics. 2017

PMID: 28250456

News Articles:
Neuron: Wiring the Human Brain: A User’s Handbook


Newborn Sequencing in Genomic Medicine and Public Health.

Berg JS, Agrawal PB, Bailey DB Jr, Beggs AH, Brenner SE, Brower AM, Cakici JA, Ceyhan-Birsoy O, Chan K, Chen F, Currier RJ, Dukhovny D, Green RC, Harris-Wai J, Holm IA, Iglesias B, Joseph G, Kingsmore SF, Koenig BA, Kwok PY, Lantos J, Leeder SJ, Lewis MA, McGuire AL, Milko LV, Mooney SD, Parad RB, Pereira S, Petrikin J, Powell BC, Powell CM, Puck JM, Rehm HL, Risch N, Roche M, Shieh JT, Veeraraghavan N, Watson MS, Willig L, Yu TW, Urv T, Wise AL. Newborn Sequencing in Genomic Medicine and Public Health. Pediatrics. 2017; 139(2).

PMID: 28096516


Microcephaly Proteins Wdr62 and Aspm Define a Mother Centriole Complex
Regulating Centriole Biogenesis, Apical Complex, and Cell Fate.

Jayaraman D, Kodani A, Gonzalez DM, Mancias JD, Mochida GH, Vagnoni C, Johnson J, Krogan N, Harper JW, Reiter JF, Yu TW, Bae BI, Walsh CA. Microcephaly Proteins Wdr62 and Aspm Define a Mother Centriole Complex Regulating Centriole Biogenesis, Apical Complex, and Cell Fate. Neuron. 2016; 92(4):813-828.

NIHMSID: NIHMS820792 PMID: 27974163, PMCID: PMC5199216


Orthogonal NGS for High Throughput Clinical Diagnostics. 

Chennagiri N, White EJ, Frieden A, Lopez E, Lieber DS, Nikiforov A, Ross T, Batorsky R, Hansen S, Lip V, Luquette LJ, Mauceli E, Margulies D, Milos PM, Napolitano N, Nizzari MM, Yu T, Thompson JF. Orthogonal NGS for High Throughput Clinical Diagnostics. Scientific reports. 2016; 6:24650.

PMID: 27090146, PMCID: PMC4836299


Insights into Autism Spectrum Disorder Genomic Architecture and Biology from 71 Risk Loci.

Sanders SJ, He X, Willsey AJ, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Samocha KE, Cicek AE, Murtha MT, Bal VH, Bishop SL, Dong S, Goldberg AP, Jinlu C, Keaney JF 3rd, Klei L, Mandell JD, Moreno-De-Luca D, Poultney CS, Robinson EB, Smith L, Solli-Nowlan T, Su MY, Teran NA, Walker MF, Werling DM, Beaudet AL, Cantor RM, Fombonne E, Geschwind DH, Grice DE, Lord C, Lowe JK, Mane SM, Martin DM, Morrow EM, Talkowski ME, Sutcliffe JS, Walsh CA, Yu TW, Ledbetter DH, Martin CL, Cook EH, Buxbaum JD, Daly MJ, Devlin B, Roeder K, State MW. Insights into Autism Spectrum Disorder Genomic Architecture and Biology from 71 Risk Loci. Neuron. 2015; 87(6):1215-33.

NIHMSID: NIHMS723829 PMID: 26402605, PMCID: PMC4624267


Centriolar satellites assemble centrosomal microcephaly proteins
to recruit CDK2 and promote centriole duplication.

Kodani A, Yu TW, Johnson JR, Jayaraman D, Johnson TL, Al-Gazali L, Sztriha L, Partlow JN, Kim H, Krup AL, Dammermann A, Krogan NJ, Walsh CA, Reiter JF. Centriolar satellites assemble centrosomal microcephaly proteins to recruit CDK2 and promote centriole duplication. eLife. 2015; 4.

PMID: 26297806, PMCID: PMC4574112


Somatic Mutations in cerebral cortical malformations.

Jamuar SS, Lam AT, Kircher M, D'Gama AM, Wang J, Barry BJ, Zhang X, Hill RS, Partlow JN, Rozzo A, Servattalab S, Mehta BK, Topcu M, Amrom D, Andermann E, Dan B, Parrini E, Guerrini R, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, Leventer RJ, Shen Y, Wu BL, Barkovich AJ, Sahin M, Chang BS, Bamshad M, Nickerson DA, Shendure J, Poduri A, Yu TW, Walsh CA. Somatic mutations in cerebral cortical malformations. The New England journal of medicine. 2014; 371(8):733-43.

NIHMSID: NIHMS632492 PMID: 25140959, PMCID: PMC4274952


Autism and fragile X syndrome.

Yu TW, Berry-Kravis E. Autism and fragile X syndrome. Seminars in neurology. 2014; 34(3):258-65.

PMID: 25192504


An international effort towards developing standards for best practices in analysis,
interpretation, and reporting of clinical genome sequencing results in the CLARITY Challenge.

Brownstein CA, Beggs AH, Homer N, Merriman B, Yu TW, Flannery KC, DeChene ET, Towne MC, Savage SK, Price EN, Holm IA, Luquette LJ, Lyon E, Majzoub J, Neupert P, McCallie D Jr, Szolovits P, Willard HF, Mendelsohn NJ, Temme R, Finkel RS, Yum SW, Medne L, Sunyaev SR, Adzhubey I, Cassa CA, de Bakker PI, Duzkale H, Dworzyński P, Fairbrother W, Francioli L, Funke BH, Giovanni MA, Handsaker RE, Lage K, Lebo MS, Lek M, Leshchiner I, MacArthur DG, McLaughlin HM, Murray MF, Pers TH, Polak PP, Raychaudhuri S, Rehm HL, Soemedi R, Stitziel NO, Vestecka S, Supper J, Gugenmus C, Klocke B, Hahn A, Schubach M, Menzel M, Biskup S, Freisinger P, Deng M, Braun M, Perner S, Smith RJ, Andorf JL, Huang J, Ryckman K, Sheffield VC, Stone EM, Bair T, Black-Ziegelbein EA, Braun TA, Darbro B, DeLuca AP, Kolbe DL, Scheetz TE, Shearer AE, Sompallae R, Wang K, Bassuk AG, Edens E, Mathews K, Moore SA, Shchelochkov OA, Trapane P, Bossler A, Campbell CA, Heusel JW, Kwitek A, Maga T, Panzer K, Wassink T, Van Daele D, Azaiez H, Booth K, Meyer N, Segal MM, Williams MS, Tromp G, White P, Corsmeier D, Fitzgerald-Butt S, Herman G, Lamb-Thrush D, McBride KL, Newsom D, Pierson CR, Rakowsky AT, Maver A, Lovrečić L, Palandačić A, Peterlin B, Torkamani A, Wedell A, Huss M, Alexeyenko A, Lindvall JM, Magnusson M, Nilsson D, Stranneheim H, Taylan F, Gilissen C, Hoischen A, van Bon B, Yntema H, Nelen M, Zhang W, Sager J, Zhang L, Blair K, Kural D, Cariaso M, Lennon GG, Javed A, Agrawal S, Ng PC, Sandhu KS, Krishna S, Veeramachaneni V, Isakov O, Halperin E, Friedman E, Shomron N, Glusman G, Roach JC, Caballero J, Cox HC, Mauldin D, Ament SA, Rowen L, Richards DR, San Lucas FA, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Caskey CT, Bai Y, Huang Y, Fang F, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Barrera J, Garcia-Lobo JM, González-Lamuño D, Llorca J, Rodriguez MC, Varela I, Reese MG, De La Vega FM, Kiruluta E, Cargill M, Hart RK, Sorenson JM, Lyon GJ, Stevenson DA, Bray BE, Moore BM, Eilbeck K, Yandell M, Zhao H, Hou L, Chen X, Yan X, Chen M, Li C, Yang C, Gunel M, Li P, Kong Y, Alexander AC, Albertyn ZI, Boycott KM, Bulman DE, Gordon PM, Innes AM, Knoppers BM, Majewski J, Marshall CR, Parboosingh JS, Sawyer SL, Samuels ME, Schwartzentruber J, Kohane IS, Margulies DM. An international effort towards developing standards for best practices in analysis, interpretation and reporting of clinical genome sequencing results in the CLARITY Challenge. Genome biology. 2014; 15(3):R53.

PMID: 24667040, PMCID: PMC4073084 


Using whole-exome sequencing to identify inherited causes of autism.

Yu TW, Chahrour MH, Coulter ME, Jiralerspong S, Okamura-Ikeda K, Ataman B, Schmitz-Abe K, Harmin DA, Adli M, Malik AN, D'Gama AM, Lim ET, Sanders SJ, Mochida GH, Partlow JN, Sunu CM, Felie JM, Rodriguez J, Nasir RH, Ware J, Joseph RM, Hill RS, Kwan BY, Al-Saffar M, Mukaddes NM, Hashmi A, Balkhy S, Gascon GG, Hisama FM, LeClair E, Poduri A, Oner O, Al-Saad S, Al-Awadi SA, Bastaki L, Ben-Omran T, Teebi AS, Al-Gazali L, Eapen V, Stevens CR, Rappaport L, Gabriel SB, Markianos K, State MW, Greenberg ME, Taniguchi H, Braverman NE, Morrow EM, Walsh CA. Using whole-exome sequencing to identify inherited causes of autism. Neuron. 2013; 77(2):259-73.

NIHMSID: NIHMS458968 PMID: 23352163, PMCID: PMC3694430


FLNA genomic rearrangements cause periventriuclar nodular heterotopia.

Clapham KR, Yu TW, Ganesh VS, Barry B, Chan Y, Mei D, Parrini E, Funalot B, Dupuis L, Nezarati MM, du Souich C, van Karnebeek C, Guerrini R, Walsh CA. FLNA genomic rearrangements cause periventricular nodular heterotopia. Neurology. 2012; 78(4):269-78.

PMID: 22238415, PMCID: PMC3280053


Whole-exome sequencing and homozygosity analysis implicate
depolarization-regulated neuronal genes in autism. 

Chahrour MH, Yu TW, Lim ET, Ataman B, Coulter ME, Hill RS, Stevens CR, Schubert CR, Greenberg ME, Gabriel SB, Walsh CA. Whole-exome sequencing and homozygosity analysis implicate depolarization-regulated neuronal genes in autism. PLoS genetics. 2012; 8(4):e1002635.

PMID: 22511880, PMCID: PMC3325173


Multiple recurrent de novo CNVs, including duplications of the 7q11.23
Williams syndrome region, are strongly associated with autism.

Sanders SJ, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Hus V, Luo R, Murtha MT, Moreno-De-Luca D, Chu SH, Moreau MP, Gupta AR, Thomson SA, Mason CE, Bilguvar K, Celestino-Soper PB, Choi M, Crawford EL, Davis L, Wright NR, Dhodapkar RM, DiCola M, DiLullo NM, Fernandez TV, Fielding-Singh V, Fishman DO, Frahm S, Garagaloyan R, Goh GS, Kammela S, Klei L, Lowe JK, Lund SC, McGrew AD, Meyer KA, Moffat WJ, Murdoch JD, O'Roak BJ, Ober GT, Pottenger RS, Raubeson MJ, Song Y, Wang Q, Yaspan BL, Yu TW, Yurkiewicz IR, Beaudet AL, Cantor RM, Curland M, Grice DE, Günel M, Lifton RP, Mane SM, Martin DM, Shaw CA, Sheldon M, Tischfield JA, Walsh CA, Morrow EM, Ledbetter DH, Fombonne E, Lord C, Martin CL, Brooks AI, Sutcliffe JS, Cook EH Jr, Geschwind D, Roeder K, Devlin B, State MW. Multiple recurrent de novo CNVs, including duplications of the 7q11.23 Williams syndrome region, are strongly associated with autism. Neuron. 2011; 70(5):863-85.

NIHMSID: NIHMS459807 PMID: 21658581, PMCID: PMC3939065


Mutations in WDR62, encoding a centrosome-associated protein,
cause microcephaly with simplified gyri and abnormal cortical architecture.

Yu TW, Mochida GH, Tischfield DJ, Sgaier SK, Flores-Sarnat L, Sergi CM, Topçu M, McDonald MT, Barry BJ, Felie JM, Sunu C, Dobyns WB, Folkerth RD, Barkovich AJ, Walsh CA. Mutations in WDR62, encoding a centrosome-associated protein, cause microcephaly with simplified gyri and abnormal cortical architecture. Nature genetics. 2010; 42(11):1015-20.

NIHMSID: NIHMS236207 PMID: 20890278, PMCID: PMC2969850


Inhibition of netrin-mediated axon attraction by a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase.

Chang C, Yu TW, Bargmann CI, Tessier-Lavigne M. Inhibition of netrin-mediated axon attraction by a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2004; 305(5680):103-6.

PMID: 15232111 


The netrin receptor UNC-40/DCC stimulates axon attraction and outgrowth
through enabled and, in parallel, Rac and UNC-115/AbLIM.

Gitai Z, Yu TW, Lundquist EA, Tessier-Lavigne M, Bargmann CI. The netrin receptor UNC-40/DCC stimulates axon attraction and outgrowth through enabled and, in parallel, Rac and UNC-115/AbLIM. Neuron. 2003; 37(1):53-65.

PMID: 12526772


Shared receptors in axon guidance: SAX-3/Robo signals via
UNC-34/Enabled and a Netrin-indenpendent UNC-40/DCC function.

Yu TW, Hao JC, Lim W, Tessier-Lavigne M, Bargmann CI. Shared receptors in axon guidance: SAX-3/Robo signals via UNC-34/Enabled and a Netrin-independent UNC-40/DCC function. Nature neuroscience. 2002; 5(11):1147-54.

PMID: 12379860


Dynamics regulation of axon guidance.

Yu TW, Bargmann CI. Dynamic regulation of axon guidance. Nature neuroscience. 2001; 4 Suppl:1169-76.

PMID: 11687826


C. elegans slit acts in midline, dorsal-ventral,
and anterior-posterior guidance via the SAX-3/Robo receptor.

Hao JC, Yu TW, Fujisawa K, Culotti JG, Gengyo-Ando K, Mitani S, Moulder G, Barstead R, Tessier-Lavigne M, Bargmann CI. C. elegans slit acts in midline, dorsal-ventral, and anterior-posterior guidance via the SAX-3/Robo receptor. Neuron. 2001; 32(1):25-38.

PMID: 11604136


Dentate granule cell neurogenesis is increased by seizures and contributes
to aberrant network reorganization in the adult rat hippocampus. 

Parent JM, Yu TW, Leibowitz RT, Geschwind DH, Sloviter RS, Lowenstein DH. Dentate granule cell neurogenesis is increased by seizures and contributes to aberrant network reorganization in the adult rat hippocampus. The Journal of neuroscience: The official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 1997; 17(10):3727-38.

PMID: 9133393